ci: add CodeQL analysis workflow

[ruddyscent]

Summary

• analyze Python with CodeQL on pull requests and pushes to main
• run a scheduled weekly scan
• grant only the permissions needed to upload security results

Validation

• parsed the workflow as YAML
• checked the patch for whitespace errors

[github-advanced-security]

You are seeing this message because GitHub Code Scanning has recently been set up for this repository, or this pull request contains the workflow file for the Code Scanning tool.

What Enabling Code Scanning Means:

• The 'Security' tab will display more code scanning analysis results (e.g., for the default branch).
• Depending on your configuration and choice of analysis tool, future pull requests will be annotated with code scanning analysis results.
• You will be able to see the analysis results for the pull request's branch on this overview once the scans have completed and the checks have passed.

For more information about GitHub Code Scanning, check out the documentation.