[DOC] Publish Doxygen documentation to GitHub Pages

[vortex-wq]

Fixes #3913

Changes

• Enable Doxygen HTML generation (GENERATE_HTML = YES).
• Add a GitHub Actions workflow to build and deploy the generated Doxygen documentation to GitHub Pages.
• Automatically derive the documentation version from CMakeLists.txt and update PROJECT_BRIEF during the workflow.
• Upload the generated HTML as a GitHub Pages artifact and deploy it using GitHub Pages.

Validation

• Verified local Doxygen HTML generation.
• Verified the generated HTML renders correctly in a browser.
• Verified the documentation version is updated automatically from CMakeLists.txt.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 81.24%. Comparing base (29d7a75) to head (debe106).
⚠️ Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #4308      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   81.25%   81.24%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         446      446              
  Lines       18872    18872              
==========================================
- Hits        15332    15330       -2     
- Misses       3540     3542       +2     

see 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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