url: bounds-check short Windows file URL paths

[Archkon]

Check the decoded pathname length before reading the drive letter and colon. This prevents an out-of-bounds read for short URLs such as file:/// and reports ERR_INVALID_FILE_URL_PATH instead.

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/url

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 90.15%. Comparing base (58795e9) to head (acdea38).
⚠️ Report is 6 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #64788      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.16%   90.15%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         744      744              
  Lines      242518   242518              
  Branches    45692    45690       -2     
==========================================
- Hits       218663   218638      -25     
- Misses      15349    15366      +17     
- Partials     8506     8514       +8     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_url.cc	78.74% <ø> (-0.28%)	⬇️

... and 23 files with indirect coverage changes

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