diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-beta.yml b/.github/workflows/release-beta.yml
index bef37c1..48a7da1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release-beta.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-beta.yml
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
             --arg key "$APP_STORE_CONNECT_API_PRIVATE_KEY" \
             '{key_id: $key_id, issuer_id: $issuer_id, key: $key}' > fastlane/api-key.json
 
-      - run: bundle exec fastlane release_beta_ci
+      - run: bundle exec fastlane beta_ci
         env:
           SENTRY_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SENTRY_AUTH_TOKEN }}
           MATCH_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MATCH_PASSWORD }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 662298e..2e8f7d3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -2,20 +2,53 @@ name: Release to App Store
 
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      ref:
+        description: "Git ref (branch, tag, or SHA) to release from. Defaults to main."
+        required: false
+        default: main
+        type: string
 
-# Static concurrency group since we always release from main, regardless of trigger branch
+# Static concurrency group: only one release may run at a time, regardless of ref,
+# to avoid App Store Connect contention.
 concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-main
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 permissions:
   contents: write
 
 jobs:
-  release:
-    name: Release to App Store
+  # ============================================================================
+  # Phase 0: Resolve the dispatch ref to an exact SHA once so every downstream
+  # job checks out the same commit. Prevents divergence if the ref advances
+  # mid-release. Defaults to main; override via the `ref` dispatch input.
+  # ============================================================================
+  resolve-ref:
+    name: Resolve Release SHA
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 5
+    outputs:
+      sha: ${{ steps.resolve.outputs.sha }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Resolve ref to SHA
+        id: resolve
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          RELEASE_REF: ${{ inputs.ref }}
+        run: |
+          SHA=$(gh api "repos/${{ github.repository }}/commits/$RELEASE_REF" --jq .sha)
+          echo "sha=$SHA" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "Releasing from $RELEASE_REF @ $SHA"
+
+  # ============================================================================
+  # Phase 1: Build IPA and screenshot test bundle in parallel
+  # ============================================================================
+  release-build:
+    name: Build Release
     runs-on: macos-26
-    timeout-minutes: 120
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    needs: resolve-ref
     steps:
       - name: Generate GitHub App Token
         id: github_app_token
@@ -27,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout Code
         uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
-          ref: main
+          ref: ${{ needs.resolve-ref.outputs.sha }}
           submodules: true
           token: ${{ steps.github_app_token.outputs.token }}
 
@@ -51,8 +84,191 @@ jobs:
             --arg key "$APP_STORE_CONNECT_API_PRIVATE_KEY" \
             '{key_id: $key_id, issuer_id: $issuer_id, key: $key}' > fastlane/api-key.json
 
-      - name: Release to App Store
-        run: bundle exec fastlane release_ci
+      - name: Build, Validate, and Setup Sentry
+        run: bundle exec fastlane publish_ci_build
+        env:
+          SENTRY_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SENTRY_AUTH_TOKEN }}
+          MATCH_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MATCH_PASSWORD }}
+          MATCH_GIT_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.MATCH_GIT_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          LICENSE_PLIST_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ steps.github_app_token.outputs.token }}
+          RELEASE_BOT_TOKEN: ${{ steps.github_app_token.outputs.token }}
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+
+      - name: Upload Release Artifacts
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: release-build
+          path: |
+            Flinky.ipa
+            Flinky.app.dSYM.zip
+            Flinky.xcarchive
+            version.txt
+            build_number.txt
+            Flinky.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
+            Targets/App/Sources/Resources/Settings.bundle/Root.plist
+          retention-days: 1
+
+      - name: Run CI Diagnostics
+        if: failure()
+        run: ./Scripts/ci-diagnostics.sh
+
+  build-screenshots:
+    name: Build Screenshots
+    runs-on: macos-26
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    needs: resolve-ref
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout Code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ needs.resolve-ref.outputs.sha }}
+          submodules: true
+
+      - name: Install Dependencies
+        run: brew bundle --file Brewfile-ci
+
+      - name: Setup Ruby
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          bundler-cache: true
+
+      - name: Build Screenshot Test Bundle
+        run: bundle exec fastlane build_screenshots derived_data_path:/tmp/screenshot_build
+        env:
+          LICENSE_PLIST_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Upload Test Bundle
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: screenshot-test-bundle
+          path: /tmp/screenshot_build/Build/Products/
+          retention-days: 1
+
+      - name: Run CI Diagnostics
+        if: failure()
+        run: ./Scripts/ci-diagnostics.sh
+
+  # ============================================================================
+  # Phase 2: Run screenshots on each device in parallel
+  # ============================================================================
+
+  screenshot:
+    name: Screenshot ${{ matrix.device }}
+    runs-on: macos-26
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    needs: [resolve-ref, build-screenshots]
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        device:
+          - "iPhone 17 Pro Max"
+          - "iPhone 17 Pro"
+          - "iPad Pro 13-inch (M5)"
+          - "iPad Pro 11-inch (M5)"
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout Code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ needs.resolve-ref.outputs.sha }}
+          submodules: true
+
+      - name: Install Dependencies
+        run: brew bundle --file Brewfile-ci
+
+      - name: Setup Ruby
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          bundler-cache: true
+
+      - name: Download Test Bundle
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: screenshot-test-bundle
+          path: /tmp/screenshot_build/Build/Products/
+
+      - name: Run Screenshots
+        run: bundle exec fastlane run_screenshot_on_device "device:${{ matrix.device }}" derived_data_path:/tmp/screenshot_build
+
+      - name: Upload Device Screenshots
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        if: always()
+        with:
+          name: screenshots-${{ matrix.device }}
+          path: ~/Library/Caches/tools.fastlane/screenshots/*.png
+          retention-days: 1
+
+      - name: Run CI Diagnostics
+        if: failure()
+        run: ./Scripts/ci-diagnostics.sh
+
+  # ============================================================================
+  # Phase 3: Collect screenshots and upload to App Store
+  # ============================================================================
+
+  release-upload:
+    name: Upload to App Store
+    runs-on: macos-26
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    needs: [resolve-ref, release-build, screenshot]
+    steps:
+      - name: Generate GitHub App Token
+        id: github_app_token
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ vars.TECHPRIMATE_RELEASE_BOT_APP_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.TECHPRIMATE_RELEASE_BOT_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+
+      - name: Checkout Code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ needs.resolve-ref.outputs.sha }}
+          submodules: true
+          token: ${{ steps.github_app_token.outputs.token }}
+
+      - name: Install Dependencies
+        run: brew bundle --file Brewfile-ci
+
+      - name: Setup Ruby
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          bundler-cache: true
+
+      - name: Create App Store Connect API Key
+        env:
+          APP_STORE_CONNECT_API_KEY_ID: ${{ vars.APP_STORE_CONNECT_API_KEY_ID }}
+          APP_STORE_CONNECT_API_ISSUER_ID: ${{ vars.APP_STORE_CONNECT_API_ISSUER_ID }}
+          APP_STORE_CONNECT_API_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.APP_STORE_CONNECT_API_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+        run: |
+          jq -n \
+            --arg key_id "$APP_STORE_CONNECT_API_KEY_ID" \
+            --arg issuer_id "$APP_STORE_CONNECT_API_ISSUER_ID" \
+            --arg key "$APP_STORE_CONNECT_API_PRIVATE_KEY" \
+            '{key_id: $key_id, issuer_id: $issuer_id, key: $key}' > fastlane/api-key.json
+
+      - name: Download Release Build
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: release-build
+          path: .
+
+      - name: Download All Screenshots
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          pattern: screenshots-*
+          path: ~/Library/Caches/tools.fastlane/screenshots/
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: Collect Screenshots
+        run: bundle exec fastlane collect_screenshots
+
+      - name: Read Version Info
+        id: version
+        run: |
+          echo "version=$(cat version.txt)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "build=$(cat build_number.txt)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Upload to App Store and Submit for Review
+        run: bundle exec fastlane publish_ci_upload version:${{ steps.version.outputs.version }} build:${{ steps.version.outputs.build }} ref:${{ inputs.ref }}
         env:
           SENTRY_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SENTRY_AUTH_TOKEN }}
           MATCH_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MATCH_PASSWORD }}
diff --git a/fastlane/Fastfile b/fastlane/Fastfile
index a6a2fcb..97f36b0 100644
--- a/fastlane/Fastfile
+++ b/fastlane/Fastfile
@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@
 #   ├── Fastfile              # This file - imports and platform definition
 #   ├── lanes/
 #   │   ├── build.rb          # build_ci lane
-#   │   ├── release.rb        # beta, release_beta_ci, publish
+#   │   ├── release.rb        # beta, beta_ci, publish, publish_ci_build, publish_ci_upload
 #   │   ├── utilities.rb      # generate_*, upload_metadata, setup_code_signing, bump_*
+#   │   ├── screenshots.rb    # Parallel screenshot lanes (build_screenshots, run_screenshot_on_device, etc.)
 #   │   ├── helpers.rb        # Private helper lanes (_bump_version, _build_app_for_store, etc.)
 #   │   ├── sentry.rb         # Sentry integration lanes
 #   │   ├── version.rb        # Version management lanes
@@ -38,4 +39,5 @@ platform :ios do
   import "lanes/build.rb"
   import "lanes/release.rb"
   import "lanes/utilities.rb"
+  import "lanes/screenshots.rb"
 end
diff --git a/fastlane/lanes/release.rb b/fastlane/lanes/release.rb
index e3bf887..2dfcbe7 100644
--- a/fastlane/lanes/release.rb
+++ b/fastlane/lanes/release.rb
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
   Single CI lane used by release-beta.yml (scheduled/manual). No PR.
   Creates a signed, verified commit via the GitHub API linked to the GitHub App.
 DESC
-lane :release_beta_ci do
+lane :beta_ci do
   setup_ci if is_ci
 
   # Prepare: check App Store Connect, bump patch if needed, get next build from TestFlight
@@ -134,12 +134,12 @@
 end
 
 desc <<~DESC
-  Release to App Store: build, upload with metadata/screenshots, submit for review
-  Single CI lane used by release.yml (manual trigger). No PR.
-  Creates a signed, verified commit via the GitHub API linked to the GitHub App.
-  Generates screenshots, uploads metadata and binary, and submits for App Store review.
+  Release CI: Build phase
+  Prepares version, builds IPA, validates, and sets up Sentry release.
+  Outputs version and build number for downstream jobs.
+  Used by the parallel release workflow (release.yml).
 DESC
-lane :release_ci do
+lane :publish_ci_build do
   setup_ci if is_ci
 
   # Prepare: check App Store Connect, bump patch if needed, get next build from TestFlight
@@ -154,9 +154,36 @@
   _validate_app
   _setup_sentry_release(version: version_number, build: build_number)
 
-  # Generate screenshots
-  UI.message "Generating screenshots for App Store..."
-  generate_screenshots
+  # Write version info for downstream jobs
+  Dir.chdir("..") do
+    File.write("version.txt", version_number)
+    File.write("build_number.txt", build_number)
+  end
+
+  UI.success "✅ Release build complete: #{version_number} (#{build_number})"
+end
+
+desc <<~DESC
+  Release CI: Upload phase
+  Uploads IPA and screenshots to App Store Connect, submits for review,
+  finalizes Sentry release, and commits/tags the version.
+  Expects IPA at project root and screenshots in fastlane/screenshots/.
+  Options:
+    version: version number (required)
+    build: build number (required)
+    ref: git ref the release was dispatched from (optional, default "main").
+         Commit+tag on main is skipped when ref != "main" to avoid creating
+         version tags whose tree doesn't match what was uploaded.
+DESC
+lane :publish_ci_upload do |options|
+  setup_ci if is_ci
+
+  version_number = options[:version]
+  build_number = options[:build]
+  release_ref = options[:ref] || "main"
+
+  UI.user_error!("version is required") unless version_number
+  UI.user_error!("build is required") unless build_number
 
   # Upload to App Store Connect with metadata, screenshots, and submit for review
   upload_to_app_store(
@@ -164,7 +191,6 @@
     ipa: File.expand_path("../Flinky.ipa"), # Explicit path to avoid relying on SharedValues
 
     app_version: version_number,
-    build_number: build_number,
 
     skip_binary_upload: false,
     overwrite_screenshots: true,
@@ -187,6 +213,13 @@
 
   _finalize_sentry_release(version: version_number, build: build_number)
 
-  # Commit and tag on main via GitHub API (creates a signed, verified commit)
-  _commit_and_tag_version_signed(version: version_number, build: build_number)
+  # Commit and tag on main via GitHub API (creates a signed, verified commit).
+  # Skipped for non-main dispatches: _commit_and_tag_version_signed overlays
+  # VERSION_BUMP_FILES onto main's tree, which would not match the IPA that
+  # was actually uploaded from a feature branch.
+  if release_ref == "main"
+    _commit_and_tag_version_signed(version: version_number, build: build_number)
+  else
+    UI.important "Skipping commit+tag: dispatched from ref '#{release_ref}', not main"
+  end
 end
diff --git a/fastlane/lanes/screenshots.rb b/fastlane/lanes/screenshots.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a11f9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fastlane/lanes/screenshots.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "fileutils"
+require "json"
+
+# ============================================================================
+# SCREENSHOT LANES
+# ============================================================================
+# Lanes for parallel screenshot generation using build-for-testing and
+# test-without-building. This avoids fastlane snapshot's per-device-family
+# rebuild and enables splitting across multiple CI jobs.
+#
+# Usage:
+#   1. build_screenshots              → builds test bundle once
+#   2. run_screenshot_on_device       → runs tests on a single device (parallelizable)
+#   3. collect_screenshots            → gathers results into fastlane/screenshots/
+#
+# CI workflow runs step 1, then step 2 in parallel jobs, then step 3.
+# ============================================================================
+
+# Screenshots output directory relative to project root
+SCREENSHOTS_OUTPUT_DIR = "fastlane/screenshots"
+
+# Default devices for App Store Connect
+SCREENSHOT_DEVICES = [
+  "iPhone 17 Pro Max",     # iPhone 6.9" display
+  "iPhone 17 Pro",         # iPhone 6.3" display
+  "iPad Pro 13-inch (M5)", # iPad 13" display
+  "iPad Pro 11-inch (M5)"  # iPad 11" display
+].freeze
+
+# Default language for screenshots
+SCREENSHOT_LANGUAGE = "en-US"
+
+desc <<~DESC
+  Build screenshot test bundle for testing
+  Runs xcodebuild build-for-testing to compile the test bundle once.
+  The output can then be used by run_screenshot_on_device for each device.
+  Options:
+    derived_data_path: path for build products (default: /tmp/screenshot_derived_data)
+DESC
+lane :build_screenshots do |options|
+  derived_data_path = options[:derived_data_path] || "/tmp/screenshot_derived_data"
+
+  UI.message "Building screenshot test bundle..."
+
+  run_tests(
+    project: "Flinky.xcodeproj",
+    scheme: "ScreenshotUITests",
+    configuration: "Debug",
+    derived_data_path: derived_data_path,
+    destination: "generic/platform=iOS Simulator",
+    build_for_testing: true,
+    xcargs: "SWIFT_TREAT_WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS=NO"
+  )
+
+  # Find the generated xctestrun file
+  xctestrun_files = Dir.glob("#{derived_data_path}/Build/Products/*.xctestrun")
+  UI.user_error!("No .xctestrun file found in #{derived_data_path}/Build/Products/") if xctestrun_files.empty?
+
+  xctestrun_path = xctestrun_files.first
+  UI.success "✅ Screenshot test bundle built successfully!"
+  UI.message "xctestrun: #{xctestrun_path}"
+  UI.message "Products: #{derived_data_path}/Build/Products/"
+
+  next xctestrun_path
+end
+
+desc <<~DESC
+  Run screenshot tests on a single device
+  Runs test-without-building on the specified device using a pre-built test bundle.
+  Handles simulator status bar override and screenshot collection.
+  Options:
+    device: simulator device name (required, e.g. "iPhone 17 Pro")
+    derived_data_path: path to pre-built test products (default: /tmp/screenshot_derived_data)
+    language: language code for screenshots (default: en-US)
+DESC
+lane :run_screenshot_on_device do |options|
+  device = options[:device]
+  UI.user_error!("device is required") unless device
+
+  derived_data_path = options[:derived_data_path] || "/tmp/screenshot_derived_data"
+  language = options[:language] || SCREENSHOT_LANGUAGE
+
+  # Find xctestrun file
+  xctestrun_files = Dir.glob("#{derived_data_path}/Build/Products/*.xctestrun")
+  UI.user_error!("No .xctestrun file found. Run build_screenshots first.") if xctestrun_files.empty?
+  xctestrun_path = xctestrun_files.first
+
+  # Setup fastlane snapshot cache directory (SnapshotHelper.swift reads from here)
+  cache_dir = File.expand_path("~/Library/Caches/tools.fastlane")
+  screenshots_dir = "#{cache_dir}/screenshots"
+  FileUtils.mkdir_p(screenshots_dir)
+
+  File.write("#{cache_dir}/language.txt", language)
+  File.write("#{cache_dir}/locale.txt", language)
+  File.write("#{cache_dir}/snapshot-launch_arguments.txt", "")
+
+  UI.message "Running screenshots on: #{device}"
+
+  # Boot simulator and override status bar
+  simulator_udid = _find_simulator_udid(device: device)
+  _boot_simulator(udid: simulator_udid)
+  _override_status_bar(udid: simulator_udid)
+
+  # Two layers of retry:
+  #   - number_of_retries: xcodebuild reruns failing tests (-test-iterations + -retry-tests-on-failure).
+  #   - outer loop: full simulator reboot if even the in-test retries are exhausted, e.g. a wedged sim.
+  # output_remove_retry_attempts strips retried-then-passing iterations so scan's exit code reflects
+  # the final outcome rather than the first transient failure.
+  max_attempts = 2
+  last_failures = 0
+
+  (1..max_attempts).each do |attempt|
+    UI.message "Screenshot test attempt #{attempt}/#{max_attempts} on #{device}"
+    begin
+      result = run_tests(
+        project: "Flinky.xcodeproj",
+        scheme: "ScreenshotUITests",
+        xctestrun: xctestrun_path,
+        test_without_building: true,
+        destination: "platform=iOS Simulator,name=#{device}",
+        only_testing: ["ScreenshotUITests/ScreenshotUITests/testScreenshots"],
+        reinstall_app: true,
+        output_types: "",
+        number_of_retries: 3,
+        output_remove_retry_attempts: true,
+        fail_build: false
+      )
+      last_failures = result[:number_of_failures_excluding_retries] || 0
+    ensure
+      _clear_status_bar(udid: simulator_udid)
+    end
+
+    break if last_failures.zero?
+
+    if attempt < max_attempts
+      UI.important "Tests failed with #{last_failures} failure(s) after in-test retries; rebooting simulator and retrying"
+      _reboot_simulator(udid: simulator_udid)
+      _override_status_bar(udid: simulator_udid)
+    end
+  end
+
+  if last_failures.positive?
+    UI.user_error!("Screenshot tests on #{device} failed after #{max_attempts} attempts (#{last_failures} failure(s) excluding retries)")
+  end
+
+  # Verify screenshots were generated for this device
+  screenshots_dir = File.expand_path("~/Library/Caches/tools.fastlane/screenshots")
+  device_screenshots = Dir.glob("#{screenshots_dir}/#{device}-*.png")
+  if device_screenshots.empty?
+    UI.user_error!("No screenshots found for #{device} in #{screenshots_dir}")
+  end
+
+  UI.success "✅ #{device_screenshots.length} screenshots captured on #{device}"
+  device_screenshots.each { |f| UI.message "   #{File.basename(f)}" }
+end
+
+desc <<~DESC
+  Collect screenshots from cache into fastlane/screenshots directory
+  Gathers screenshots generated by run_screenshot_on_device into the
+  fastlane/screenshots/en-US/ directory structure expected by deliver.
+  Options:
+    language: language code (default: en-US)
+    output_dir: output directory (default: fastlane/screenshots)
+DESC
+lane :collect_screenshots do |options|
+  language = options[:language] || SCREENSHOT_LANGUAGE
+  output_dir = options[:output_dir] || SCREENSHOTS_OUTPUT_DIR
+
+  cache_dir = File.expand_path("~/Library/Caches/tools.fastlane/screenshots")
+  lang_dir = File.expand_path("../#{output_dir}/#{language}")
+
+  # Clear previous screenshots
+  FileUtils.rm_rf(lang_dir) if Dir.exist?(lang_dir)
+  FileUtils.mkdir_p(lang_dir)
+
+  screenshots = Dir.glob("#{cache_dir}/*.png")
+  if screenshots.empty?
+    UI.user_error!("No screenshots found in #{cache_dir}. Run run_screenshot_on_device first.")
+  end
+
+  screenshots.each do |file|
+    FileUtils.cp(file, lang_dir)
+    UI.message "   ✅ #{File.basename(file)}"
+  end
+
+  expected = SCREENSHOT_DEVICES.length * 4 # 4 screenshots per device
+  if screenshots.length == expected
+    UI.success "✅ All #{screenshots.length} screenshots collected!"
+  else
+    UI.important "⚠️  Collected #{screenshots.length} screenshots (expected #{expected})"
+  end
+end
+
+desc <<~DESC
+  Generate all screenshots using a single build
+  Builds the test bundle once, then runs tests on all devices sequentially.
+  For local use — CI uses parallel jobs instead.
+  Options:
+    derived_data_path: path for build products (default: /tmp/screenshot_derived_data)
+DESC
+lane :generate_screenshots_parallel do |options|
+  derived_data_path = options[:derived_data_path] || "/tmp/screenshot_derived_data"
+
+  # Build once
+  build_screenshots(derived_data_path: derived_data_path)
+
+  # Clear screenshot cache
+  cache_dir = File.expand_path("~/Library/Caches/tools.fastlane/screenshots")
+  FileUtils.rm_rf(cache_dir)
+  FileUtils.mkdir_p(cache_dir)
+
+  # Run on all devices
+  SCREENSHOT_DEVICES.each do |device|
+    run_screenshot_on_device(
+      device: device,
+      derived_data_path: derived_data_path
+    )
+  end
+
+  # Collect results
+  collect_screenshots
+end
+
+# Private lane: Find simulator UDID by device name
+private_lane :_find_simulator_udid do |options|
+  device = options[:device]
+
+  devices_json = sh("xcrun simctl list devices available -j", log: false).strip
+  devices = JSON.parse(devices_json)["devices"].values.flatten
+  match = devices.find { |d| d["name"] == device && d["isAvailable"] }
+  UI.user_error!("Simulator not found: #{device}") unless match
+
+  next match["udid"]
+end
+
+# Private lane: Boot a simulator by UDID and block until it is fully booted.
+# `simctl boot` returns as soon as the boot process is kicked off, not when
+# the device is ready. `bootstatus -b` blocks until the simulator reaches the
+# home screen. Without this, subsequent `simctl status_bar override` calls
+# race the boot and silently no-op, leaking the real clock into screenshots.
+private_lane :_boot_simulator do |options|
+  udid = options[:udid]
+  UI.message "Booting simulator: #{udid}"
+  sh("xcrun simctl boot #{udid} 2>/dev/null || true")
+  sh("xcrun simctl bootstatus #{udid} -b")
+end
+
+# Private lane: Force a clean simulator reboot — used between outer test retries
+# to recover from wedged state that survives `-retry-tests-on-failure` (stuck
+# springboard, leaked test runner processes, frozen UI). Shutdown is best-effort
+# because the device may already be in a bad state.
+private_lane :_reboot_simulator do |options|
+  udid = options[:udid]
+  UI.message "Rebooting simulator: #{udid}"
+  sh("xcrun simctl shutdown #{udid} 2>/dev/null || true")
+  sh("xcrun simctl boot #{udid} 2>/dev/null || true")
+  sh("xcrun simctl bootstatus #{udid} -b")
+end
+
+# Private lane: Override simulator status bar for clean screenshots
+private_lane :_override_status_bar do |options|
+  udid = options[:udid]
+  UI.message "Overriding status bar..."
+  sh(
+    "xcrun", "simctl", "status_bar", udid, "override",
+    "--time", "09:41",
+    "--dataNetwork", "wifi",
+    "--wifiMode", "active",
+    "--wifiBars", "3",
+    "--cellularMode", "active",
+    "--operatorName", "",
+    "--cellularBars", "4",
+    "--batteryState", "charged",
+    "--batteryLevel", "100"
+  )
+end
+
+# Private lane: Clear simulator status bar override
+private_lane :_clear_status_bar do |options|
+  udid = options[:udid]
+  UI.message "Clearing status bar override..."
+  sh("xcrun simctl status_bar #{udid} clear 2>/dev/null || true")
+end