diff --git a/docs/outputs.md b/docs/outputs.md
index 6b64757..e749ce2 100644
--- a/docs/outputs.md
+++ b/docs/outputs.md
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 # Outputs
 
 Mapd outputs data using two different cereal messages. MapdOut is the primary
-output of mapd and is output at a rate of 20 hz. MapdExtendedOut contains data
+output of mapd and is output at a rate of 20 hz. It repeats the latest fully
+calculated output while new map calculations are in progress, so its publish
+cadence does not indicate the calculation rate. MapdExtendedOut contains data
 that is needed in less realtime and thus is output at a rate of 1hz.
 
 ## MapdOut
diff --git a/main.go b/main.go
index 41aaccf..cfdc765 100644
--- a/main.go
+++ b/main.go
@@ -2,10 +2,14 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"log/slog"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
+	"capnproto.org/go/capnp/v3"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"pfeifer.dev/mapd/cereal"
+	"pfeifer.dev/mapd/cereal/custom"
+	"pfeifer.dev/mapd/cereal/log"
 	"pfeifer.dev/mapd/cli"
 	"pfeifer.dev/mapd/maps"
 	m "pfeifer.dev/mapd/math"
@@ -14,6 +18,30 @@ import (
 
 const mapLoadRetryDelay = time.Second
 
+func publishMapdOut(publisher *cereal.Publisher[custom.MapdOut], latest *atomic.Pointer[capnp.Message], stop <-chan struct{}, stopped chan<- struct{}) {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(ms.LOOP_DELAY)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	defer close(stopped)
+
+	for {
+		message := latest.Load()
+		event, err := log.ReadRootEvent(message)
+		if err == nil {
+			event.SetLogMonoTime(cereal.GetTime())
+			err = publisher.Send(message)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Error("Failed to send update", "error", err)
+		}
+
+		select {
+		case <-ticker.C:
+		case <-stop:
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func main() {
 	ms.Settings.Default()                // set defaults so settings not already in param are defaulted
 	settingsLoaded := ms.Settings.Load() // try loading settings before cli
@@ -36,7 +64,6 @@ func main() {
 
 	pub := cereal.NewPublisher("mapdOut", cereal.MapdOutCreator)
 	defer pub.Pub.Msgq.Close()
-	state.Publisher = &pub
 
 	sub := cereal.NewSubscriber("mapdIn", cereal.MapdInReader, false, false)
 	defer sub.Sub.Msgq.Close()
@@ -56,18 +83,21 @@ func main() {
 	selfdriveState := cereal.NewSubscriber("selfdriveState", cereal.SelfdriveStateReader, true, ms.Settings.SubscriberSettings.ShadowSelfdriveState)
 	defer selfdriveState.Sub.Msgq.Close()
 
-	lastLoopTime := time.Now()
+	latestMapdOut := atomic.Pointer[capnp.Message]{}
+	latestMapdOut.Store(state.buildMapdOut(&pub))
+	stopMapdOut := make(chan struct{})
+	mapdOutStopped := make(chan struct{})
+	go publishMapdOut(&pub, &latestMapdOut, stopMapdOut, mapdOutStopped)
+	defer func() {
+		close(stopMapdOut)
+		<-mapdOutStopped
+	}()
 
 	for {
-		lastLoopDuration := time.Since(lastLoopTime)
-		time.Sleep(max(ms.LOOP_DELAY - lastLoopDuration, 0))
-		lastLoopTime = time.Now()
+		// Build before handoff because State contains unsynchronized lazy getters.
+		latestMapdOut.Store(state.buildMapdOut(&pub))
 
-		err := state.Send() // send beginning of each loop to ensure it happens at the correct rate
-		if err != nil {
-			slog.Error("Failed to send update", "error", err)
-		}
-		err = extendedState.Send() // this send is internally rate limited to 1 hz
+		err := extendedState.Send() // this send is internally rate limited to 1 hz
 		if err != nil {
 			slog.Error("Failed to send extended update", "error", err)
 		}
@@ -136,6 +166,5 @@ func main() {
 			state.TargetVelocities = GetTargetVelocities(state.Curvatures, state.TargetVelocities)
 		}
 
-		// send at beginning of next loop
 	}
 }
diff --git a/state.go b/state.go
index 1e7915f..eb8672e 100644
--- a/state.go
+++ b/state.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"capnproto.org/go/capnp/v3"
 	"pfeifer.dev/mapd/cereal"
 	"pfeifer.dev/mapd/cereal/car"
 	"pfeifer.dev/mapd/cereal/custom"
@@ -10,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 type State struct {
-	Publisher                 *cereal.Publisher[custom.MapdOut]
 	Data                      maps.Offline
 	Car                       CarState
 	CurrentWay                CurrentWay
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ func (s *State) UpdateCarState(carData car.CarState) {
 	s.SpeedLimit.Update(s.CurrentWay, s.Car)
 }
 
-func (s *State) Send() error {
-	msg, output := s.Publisher.NewMessage(true)
+func (s *State) buildMapdOut(publisher *cereal.Publisher[custom.MapdOut]) *capnp.Message {
+	msg, output := publisher.NewMessage(true)
 	id := s.CurrentWay.Way.Id()
 	output.SetWayId(id)
 
@@ -120,5 +120,5 @@ func (s *State) Send() error {
 	output.SetWaySelectionType(s.CurrentWay.SelectionType)
 	output.SetSpeedLimitAccepted(ms.Settings.SpeedLimitAccepted())
 
-	return s.Publisher.Send(msg)
+	return msg
 }