diff --git a/src/builtins/units.rs b/src/builtins/units.rs
index bdc1b7026..18209f156 100644
--- a/src/builtins/units.rs
+++ b/src/builtins/units.rs
@@ -95,6 +95,10 @@ fn parse(span: &Span, params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], _strict: bool) -> Re
     // a stable representation that includes an explicit leading digit.
     let canonical_part = canonicalize_number_part(number_part);
 
+    if exponent_too_large(canonical_part.as_ref()) {
+        bail!(params[0].span().error("units.parse: exponent too large"));
+    }
+
     if let Some(e) = ten_exp(suffix) {
         let combined = combine_decimal_exponent(canonical_part.as_ref(), e)
             .ok_or_else(|| params[0].span().error("could not parse number"))?;
@@ -169,6 +173,12 @@ fn parse_bytes(span: &Span, params: &[Ref<Expr>], args: &[Value], strict: bool)
     // a stable representation that includes an explicit leading digit.
     let canonical_part = canonicalize_number_part(number_part);
 
+    if exponent_too_large(canonical_part.as_ref()) {
+        bail!(params[0]
+            .span()
+            .error("units.parse_bytes: exponent too large"));
+    }
+
     if let Some(e) = twob_exp(suffix) {
         let mut number = match Number::from_str(canonical_part.as_ref()) {
             Ok(n) => n,
@@ -245,3 +255,11 @@ fn split_decimal_exponent(number: &str) -> Option<(&str, i32)> {
     let exponent = exp_part.parse::<i32>().ok()?;
     Some((mantissa, exponent))
 }
+
+fn exponent_too_large(number: &str) -> bool {
+    number
+        .find(['e', 'E'])
+        .and_then(|idx| number.get(idx + 1..))
+        .map(|exponent| exponent.strip_prefix(['+', '-']).unwrap_or(exponent))
+        .is_some_and(|digits| digits.len() > 6)
+}
diff --git a/tests/interpreter/cases/builtins/units/exponent.yaml b/tests/interpreter/cases/builtins/units/exponent.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30562d1b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/interpreter/cases/builtins/units/exponent.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+# Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+cases:
+  - note: parse-exponent-too-large
+    data: {}
+    modules:
+      - |
+        package test
+        x = units.parse("1e9999999K")
+    query: data.test.x
+    error: "units.parse: exponent too large"
+
+  - note: parse-bytes-exponent-too-large
+    data: {}
+    modules:
+      - |
+        package test
+        x = units.parse_bytes("1e9999999Ki")
+    query: data.test.x
+    error: "units.parse_bytes: exponent too large"
+
+  - note: parse-normal-exponent-ok
+    data: {}
+    modules:
+      - |
+        package test
+        x = units.parse("1e6K")
+    query: data.test.x
+    want_result: 1e9