diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/helpers.ts b/frontend/src/utils/helpers.ts
index 3f28ea7..6a26100 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/helpers.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/helpers.ts
@@ -13,305 +13,109 @@ export function formatXLM(stroops: bigint): string {
   const fractional = abs % STROOPS_PER_XLM;
   const fracStr = fractional.toString().padStart(7, "0").replace(/0+$/, "");
   const sign = isNegative ? "-" : "";
-
-  return fracStr.length === 0
-    ? `${sign}${whole} XLM`
-    : `${sign}${whole}.${fracStr} XLM`;
+  return fracStr.length === 0 ? sign+whole+" XLM" : sign+whole+"."+fracStr+" XLM";
 }
 
-/** Format a number that is already expressed in XLM. */
 export function displayXLM(xlm: number): string {
   if (xlm === 0) return "0 XLM";
-  const formatted = xlm.toFixed(2).replace(/\.?0+$/, "");
-  return `${formatted} XLM`;
+  const formatted = xlm.toFixed(2).replace(/.?0+$/, "");
+  return formatted+" XLM";
 }
 
-/** Truncate a Stellar address for display. */
 export function truncateAddress(addr: string): string {
   if (!addr || addr.length <= 10) return addr;
-  return `${addr.slice(0, 4)}...${addr.slice(-4)}`;
+  return addr.slice(0, 4)+"..."+addr.slice(-4);
 }
 
-/** Validate a bet amount against the minimum and the user's balance. */
 export function isValidAmount(amount: string, balance: number): boolean {
   const parsed = parseFloat(amount);
   if (Number.isNaN(parsed) || parsed < 1) return false;
   return parsed <= balance;
 }
 
-/** Return a human-readable duration until a Unix-seconds timestamp. */
 export function timeUntil(timestamp: number): string {
   const now = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
   const diff = timestamp - now;
-
   if (diff <= 0) return "Ended";
-
   const days = Math.floor(diff / 86_400);
   const hours = Math.floor((diff % 86_400) / 3_600);
   const minutes = Math.floor((diff % 3_600) / 60);
-
-  if (days > 0) return `${days}d ${hours}h ${minutes}m`;
-  if (hours > 0) return `${hours}h ${minutes}m`;
-  if (minutes > 0) return `${minutes}m`;
-  return `${diff}s`;
+  if (days > 0) return days+"d "+hours+"h "+minutes+"m";
+  if (hours > 0) return hours+"h "+minutes+"m";
+  if (minutes > 0) return minutes+"m";
+  return diff+"s";
 }
 
-/**
- * Normalize a Unix timestamp that may be seconds or milliseconds to ms.
- * Values below ~1e12 are almost certainly seconds; above are ms.
- */
 export function toTimestampMs(timestamp: number): number {
-  if (!Number.isFinite(timestamp)) return Date.now();
-  return timestamp < 1e12 ? timestamp * 1000 : timestamp;
+  if (!Number.isFinite(timestamp) || timestamp <= 0) return Number.NaN;
+  const ts = timestamp < MILLISECOND_TIMESTAMP_THRESHOLD ? timestamp * 1_000 : timestamp;
+  return ts <= MAX_DATE_TIMESTAMP_MS ? ts : Number.NaN;
 }
 
 const DATE_TIME_OPTIONS: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions = {
-  year: "numeric",
-  month: "short",
-  day: "numeric",
-  hour: "2-digit",
-  minute: "2-digit",
-  timeZoneName: "short",
+  year: "numeric", month: "short", day: "numeric",
+  hour: "2-digit", minute: "2-digit", timeZoneName: "short"
 };
 
 const TIME_OPTIONS: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions = {
-  hour: "2-digit",
-  minute: "2-digit",
-  timeZoneName: "short",
+  hour: "2-digit", minute: "2-digit", timeZoneName: "short"
 };
 
-/**
- * Format a Unix timestamp (seconds) to a locale-aware date/time string.
- * Uses the viewer's browser locale and local timezone automatically.
- *
- * Example (en-GB): "12 Jul 2026, 14:30 GMT+1"
- * Example (en-US): "Jul 12, 2026, 10:30 AM EDT"
- */
-/** Normalize a positive Unix timestamp supplied in seconds or milliseconds. */
-export function toTimestampMs(timestamp: number): number {
-  if (!Number.isFinite(timestamp) || timestamp <= 0) return Number.NaN;
-  const timestampMs =
-    timestamp < MILLISECOND_TIMESTAMP_THRESHOLD
-      ? timestamp * 1_000
-      : timestamp;
-  return timestampMs <= MAX_DATE_TIMESTAMP_MS ? timestampMs : Number.NaN;
-}
-
-/** Format a timestamp in the viewer's timezone, including its timezone label. */
-export function formatDate(
-  timestamp: number,
-  locale?: Intl.LocalesArgument,
-  options: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions = {}
-): string {
-  if (!Number.isFinite(timestamp) || timestamp <= 0) return "—";
-  // Guard against accidental millisecond values (> year 2100 in seconds ≈ 4_102_444_800)
-  const ms = timestamp > 4_102_444_800 ? timestamp : timestamp * 1000;
-  return new Intl.DateTimeFormat(locale, {
-    ...DATE_TIME_OPTIONS,
-    ...options,
-  }).format(new Date(ms));
-}
-
-/**
- * Format a Unix timestamp to a locale-aware time-only string.
- */
-export function formatTime(
-  timestamp: number,
-  locale?: Intl.LocalesArgument,
-  options?: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions
-): string {
-  if (!Number.isFinite(timestamp) || timestamp <= 0) return "—";
-  const ms = timestamp > 4_102_444_800 ? timestamp : timestamp * 1000;
-  return new Intl.DateTimeFormat(locale, {
-    ...TIME_OPTIONS,
-    ...options,
-  }).format(new Date(ms));
+/** Format a timestamp in the viewer's locale timezone — fixes issue #80 */
+export function formatDate(timestamp: number, locale?: Intl.LocalesArgument, options: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions = {}): string {
+  const ts = toTimestampMs(timestamp);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(ts)) return INVALID_TIMESTAMP;
+  return new Intl.DateTimeFormat(locale ?? navigator.language, { ...DATE_TIME_OPTIONS, ...options }).format(new Date(ts));
 }
 
-/**
- * Format an event timestamp (milliseconds) to a locale-aware date+time string.
- * Use this for MarketEvent.timestamp — it is already in milliseconds.
- */
-export function formatEventTime(timestampMs: number): string {
-  if (!Number.isFinite(timestampMs) || timestampMs <= 0) return "—";
-  return new Date(timestampMs).toLocaleString(undefined, DATE_TIME_OPTIONS);
+/** Format only the local time portion — fixes issue #80 */
+export function formatTime(timestamp: number, locale?: Intl.LocalesArgument, options: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions = {}): string {
+  const ts = toTimestampMs(timestamp);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(ts)) return INVALID_TIMESTAMP;
+  return new Intl.DateTimeFormat(locale ?? navigator.language, { ...TIME_OPTIONS, ...options }).format(new Date(ts));
 }
 
-/**
- * Return a human-readable relative time string from a Unix timestamp (seconds).
- * Uses the viewer's locale via Intl.RelativeTimeFormat.
- *
- * Examples: "2 hours ago", "3 days ago", "just now"
- */
-export function timeAgo(timestamp: number): string {
-  if (!Number.isFinite(timestamp) || timestamp <= 0) return "—";
-  const ms = timestamp > 4_102_444_800 ? timestamp : timestamp * 1000;
-  const diffSeconds = Math.floor((Date.now() - ms) / 1000);
-
-  if (diffSeconds < 5) return "just now";
-
-  const rtf = new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat(undefined, { numeric: "auto" });
-
-  const thresholds: [number, Intl.RelativeTimeFormatUnit][] = [
-    [60, "second"],
-    [3_600, "minute"],
-    [86_400, "hour"],
-    [604_800, "day"],
-    [2_592_000, "week"],
-    [31_536_000, "month"],
-  ];
-
-  for (const [limit, unit] of thresholds) {
-    if (diffSeconds < limit) {
-      const idx = thresholds.findIndex(([l]) => l === limit);
-      const prev = idx > 0 ? thresholds[idx - 1] : [1, "second"] as const;
-      const divisor = prev[0];
-      return rtf.format(-Math.floor(diffSeconds / divisor), unit);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return rtf.format(-Math.floor(diffSeconds / 31_536_000), "year");
-}
-
-/**
- * Calculate a winner's payout from a prediction market.
- * payout = (userNetBet / winningSideTotal) × totalPool
-  const timestampMs = toTimestampMs(timestamp);
-  if (!Number.isFinite(timestampMs)) return INVALID_TIMESTAMP;
-
-  return new Intl.DateTimeFormat(locale, {
-    year: "numeric",
-    month: "short",
-    day: "numeric",
-    hour: "2-digit",
-    minute: "2-digit",
-    timeZoneName: "short",
-    ...options,
-  }).format(new Date(timestampMs));
-}
-
-/** Format only the local time portion of a timestamp, with its timezone label. */
-export function formatTime(
-  timestamp: number,
-  locale?: Intl.LocalesArgument,
-  options: Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions = {}
-): string {
-  const timestampMs = toTimestampMs(timestamp);
-  if (!Number.isFinite(timestampMs)) return INVALID_TIMESTAMP;
-
-  return new Intl.DateTimeFormat(locale, {
-    hour: "2-digit",
-    minute: "2-digit",
-    timeZoneName: "short",
-    ...options,
-  }).format(new Date(timestampMs));
-}
-
-/** Format a timestamp relative to now while accepting seconds or milliseconds. */
-export function timeAgo(
-  timestamp: number,
-  locale?: Intl.LocalesArgument
-): string {
-  const timestampMs = toTimestampMs(timestamp);
-  if (!Number.isFinite(timestampMs)) return INVALID_TIMESTAMP;
-
-  const diffSeconds = (timestampMs - Date.now()) / 1_000;
-  const absoluteSeconds = Math.abs(diffSeconds);
-  if (absoluteSeconds < 5) return "just now";
-
+/** Format relative time — fixes issue #80 */
+export function timeAgo(timestamp: number, locale?: Intl.LocalesArgument): string {
+  const ts = toTimestampMs(timestamp);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(ts)) return INVALID_TIMESTAMP;
+  const diffSeconds = (ts - Date.now()) / 1_000;
+  const absSeconds = Math.abs(diffSeconds);
+  if (absSeconds < 5) return "just now";
   const units: Array<[Intl.RelativeTimeFormatUnit, number]> = [
-    ["year", 31_536_000],
-    ["month", 2_592_000],
-    ["week", 604_800],
-    ["day", 86_400],
-    ["hour", 3_600],
-    ["minute", 60],
-    ["second", 1],
+    ["year", 31_536_000], ["month", 2_592_000], ["week", 604_800],
+    ["day", 86_400], ["hour", 3_600], ["minute", 60], ["second", 1]
   ];
-  const [unit, unitSeconds] =
-    units.find(([, seconds]) => absoluteSeconds >= seconds) ?? units[6];
-
-  const value =
-    Math.sign(diffSeconds) * Math.round(absoluteSeconds / unitSeconds);
-  return new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat(locale, { numeric: "auto" }).format(
-    value,
-    unit
-  );
+  const [unit, unitSec] = units.find(([, s]) => absSeconds >= s) ?? units[6];
+  const value = Math.sign(diffSeconds) * Math.round(absSeconds / unitSec);
+  return new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat(locale ?? navigator.language, { numeric: "auto" }).format(value, unit);
 }
 
-/** Format an event timestamp (milliseconds) to a locale-aware date+time string.
- * Use this for `MarketEvent.timestamp` – it is already in milliseconds, do NOT multiply by 1000. */
 export function formatEventTime(timestampMs: number): string {
   if (!Number.isFinite(timestampMs) || timestampMs <= 0) return INVALID_TIMESTAMP;
-  return new Date(timestampMs).toLocaleString(undefined, {
-    year: "numeric",
-    month: "short",
-    day: "numeric",
-    hour: "2-digit",
-    minute: "2-digit",
-    timeZoneName: "short",
-  });
+  return new Date(timestampMs).toLocaleString(navigator.language, DATE_TIME_OPTIONS);
 }
 
-/** Calculate a winner's payout from a prediction market.
- *
- * payout = (userNetBet / winningSideTotal) × totalPool
- *
- * All values in XLM (not stroops).
- */
-export function calculatePayout(
-  userNetBet: number,
-  winningSideTotal: number,
-  totalPool: number
-): number {
+export function calculatePayout(userNetBet: number, winningSideTotal: number, totalPool: number): number {
   if (winningSideTotal <= 0) return 0;
   return (userNetBet / winningSideTotal) * totalPool;
 }
 
-/**
- * Calculate YES/NO odds percentages from net totals.
- * Returns { yesPercent, noPercent } — each 0-100.
-/** Calculate YES/NO odds percentages from net totals.
- * Returns { yesPercent, noPercent } – each 0-100.
- */
-export function calculateOdds(
-  totalYes: number,
-  totalNo: number
-): { yesPercent: number; noPercent: number } {
+export function calculateOdds(totalYes: number, totalNo: number): { yesPercent: number; noPercent: number } {
   const total = totalYes + totalNo;
   if (total <= 0) return { yesPercent: 50, noPercent: 50 };
   const yesPercent = Math.round((totalYes / total) * 100);
   return { yesPercent, noPercent: 100 - yesPercent };
 }
 
-/**
- * Build a Stellar Expert explorer URL for transactions, accounts, or contracts.
- */
-/** Convert basis points to a percentage string. */
-export function bpsToPercent(bps: number): string {
-  return `${bps / 100}%`;
-}
+export function bpsToPercent(bps: number): string { return (bps / 100)+"%"; }
 
-/** Build a Stellar Expert explorer URL. */
-export function explorerUrl(
-  type: "tx" | "account" | "contract",
-  id: string,
-  network: "public" | "testnet" = "public"
-): string {
-  const base =
-    network === "testnet"
-      ? "https://stellar.expert/explorer/testnet"
-      : "https://stellar.expert/explorer/public";
-  return `${base}/${type}/${id}`;
-  const base = `https://stellar.expert/explorer/${network}`;
+export function explorerUrl(type: "tx" | "account" | "contract", id: string, network: "public" | "testnet" = "public"): string {
+  const base = network === "testnet" ? "https://stellar.expert/explorer/testnet" : "https://stellar.expert/explorer/public";
   switch (type) {
-    case "tx":
-      return `${base}/tx/${id}`;
-    case "account":
-      return `${base}/account/${id}`;
-    case "contract":
-      return `${base}/contract/${id}`;
-    default:
-      return base;
+    case "tx": return base+"/tx/"+id;
+    case "account": return base+"/account/"+id;
+    case "contract": return base+"/contract/"+id;
+    default: return base;
   }
 }